Symbolic-Material Entanglement

 Monetary Economies and Industrialisation



In our late-capitalist, techno-embedded world, symbolic landscapes have become centric in view, namely as *virtual reality*. Confusion regarding the lack of separation between *virtual* and “material” worlds stems from reductive, binary thinking of technology vs. nature and symbology vs. reality (Haraway, 1991). Our language – *virtual reality* – constructs the illusion of separation, that *virtual reality* does not exist within the real world but in parallel to it. Virtual reality is, however, grounded materially through hardware, radio waves vibrating between routers and receivers, making it a material “thing” or “place” (Lohnes, 2017). It’s sense of virtual-ness, as our lacking language defines it, is therefore its symbolic presence and irrational impact on non-virtual living. Material portals, hardware, can transport us to an image landscape in which interact and effectively live. Once focus returns to the “real” world, there is an imposing memory and continuous living in the symbolic world. Our exponential investment in *virtual* worlds (i.e. social media), is driven by surveillance corporations who have convinced us to survey ourselves, using this data to curate personalised advertising space which further embeds our psyche with commodity fetishism (Posthumanism & Technology, 2021) (Han, 2010) (Doctorow, 2023). Intrinsically linked to our profiles, hyper-consumerism becomes not only for products, but bodies. Our *selves* become commodity, curated for the purpose of selling to others (Žižek, 1989). However, hangovers from the symbolic to the material have been present long before 21st century technological explosion. 

Currency is purely symbolic, is virtual; note/coin/card its hardware, and cultural weighting its software. Interaction between the symbolic world and the material world as intrinsic; the development of economy, immense value given to pure symbology has distorted our perception of material reality, making it unimportant in the shadow of an idea. The value of reciprocal relationships, and Gaia’s gifts, have been replaced by a drive to collect as much symbol of accessibility to resource as possible. Currency is real, it dictates material accessibility to food, shelter, land. It is the driving interest behind industrialisation, resource-ification of land and people etc, but it also isn’t real. It is an imposition from the western world, and useless is a non-human, post-Capitalocene sense of time. Within a monetary economy, the human world is centric, thus distorting, and de-personalising the more-than-human-world so it can be utilised without guilt to gain something effectively useless. It is the system that maintains its usefulness. It is a fabulation, a story, with apparent and violent material consequence. It matters what stories we tell.

Pre-colonisation, many indigenous tribes in North America and Australia functioned through an economy of gifts (Kimmerer, 2013, p.26-32). Within this system, what is given from earth, person, animal, river, plant, etc. is taken (never in full) with gratitude and expected to be returned through some capacity. The gift economy grows a sense of love between things, embedding the cultural importance of living and dying well for the human and more than human world. Interdependency is inherent to cultural understanding: we need the land, the land needs us. Under this guiding practice ‘objects … remain plentiful because they are treated as gifts,’ (Hyde, 1979, p.27). 

Within a world whose:
wild places of spontaneously occurring biodiversity is now limited to 25% (or less, this figure is contested) (Ollos, 2022) (Tyag, 2018), 

weather and natural disasters are more extreme and fluctuant than they have been for the past 50 years (Met Office, 2023),

mass inhabitants pollute approximately 37,000,000 metric tonnes each year of CO2 alone (Tiseo, 2023), 

produces 2,000,000 metric tonnes in landfill per year just in household waste (Alves, 2023), 

human population will stabilise at a peak of 10.4 billion by mid-2080 (United Nations, 2022),
idealism of humanity living off the land in a gift economy with(in) Gaia is far from achievable. Post industrial revolution, our planet has changed drastically. The *natural* gift economy is system built from and for balance between *human* and the more-than-human-world. Considering mass *human* overpopulation, and resultant unsustainable manufacture, production and farming practices that prioritise this population at expense of wild places and spontaneous biodiversity, the gift economy is inaccessible for most ecosystems. Not to mention carriers of this knowledge have been subjected to continuous genocide, forced assimilation into euro-centric capitalist culture through colonialist practice (Kimmerer, 2013). Under capitalist hegemony, the mobilisation of gift economies could also easily pervert, reinforcing ideologies of the more-than-human-world as property to be equally distributed, under the name “gift” instead of “resource”. However, hope prevails; gift economies can be constructed within our metropolitan late-capitalist dystopia. Rather than abundance in wild places, we have abundance in wastage. This is where we can scavenge for gifts; food, clothing, construction material, technology, and live in the glitch from monetary economy, reducing the need for continual mass production.




f.7-9 Discarded Stuff in Paddington, Dalston & Peckham (2023) Author’s own

Working with one crew in the London squatting community, we set up a “Free Shop” which included rails of found/donated clothing, and free food found from bins, cooked into delicious soups and stews. This glitched space was a gift economy, built from garbage. The nature of costless items saw members of the public behave differently in the space – they took little and gave back what they could. People had said if the clothing was listed for a very low price (i.e. 1 pound per item), they’d feel inclined to buy as much as they could – its great value for money! But removing money, consumerist inclination was also removed, and items were left for the next person to stumble upon them. The “Free Shop” was repeated at Craftanoon atThe Great Imagining, and the same gratitude and caring consumption was practiced without suggestion by a completely different demographic (Craftanoon, 2024). Projects like this are powerful systemic glitches.


   f.10 Dalsten Free Shop (2023)                                                        f.11 The Great Imagining Free Shop
   via @the_friendly.society                                                                   (2023) Author’s Own